Learn English Grammar and Vocabulary
The joining words who, which and that
We use who when referring to people. We use which or that when referring to things or to animals.
- Alice sings well. She has won a prize.
- Alice, who sings well, has won a prize.
- The airplane was grounded. It had engine trouble.
- The airplane, which had engine trouble, was grounded.
- The dress was bought yesterday. It is made of expensive cloth.
- The dress, which was bought yesterday, is made of expensive cloth.
Notes:
We can use that in place of whom when referring to people.
- The man that the police is looking for is dead. (= The man, whom the police is looking for, is dead.)
Notice that no commas are necessary, when we use that.
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